Do Tattoos Make A Mark On More Than Just Your Skin

Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin? b Student Number: 26877075 Introduction The fundamental focus of my topic is the discrimination and prejudice experienced by individuals who have tattoos on their body. My hypothesis â€Å"Do tattoos make a mark on more than just your skin?† signifies the growing concern within today’s society towards equality and the elements of fear. This topic was developed from as I recently got a tattoo and the evolving negative stigma associated with it and my own concerns of discrimination in the future. To fully understand the current attitudes towards tattoos it is also important to investigate the societal perceptions over the†¦show more content†¦I investigated my topic using a variety of primary research and secondary research methodologies; a questionnaire with open and closed ended questions was completed by participants from a variety of ages and different genders to measure a public opinion, three in-depth interviews assisted me to gain a better understanding of the personal opinions of s pecific individuals, participant observation within a tattoo studio environment, personal refection to express my passionate concerns regarding my hypothesis and Internet research. By utilising questionnaires I was able to obtain a large cohort of various different opinions from varying groups within society which allowed me to gain a better understanding of the public’s perception. The three interviews I conducted provided me with a detailed insight into the positive and negative perceptions of my topic from two different genders, three age groups and social status. The three individual’s responses provided me with credible information regarding their concerns and experiences revolving around discrimination against tattoos within society and an understanding of their own personal beliefs and attitudes towards my hypothesis statement. My participant observation served as an important primary research method in order to support my personal interest project. By being in a tattoo

Marketing Plan For A Business - 879 Words

A marketing plan completely relies on the marketing strategy which have been used in order to create a solid business plan for any corporate. In absence of strategies, it s an impossible to get large use of market plan. In terms of getting incentive benefits from a business, market plan gives a blueprint outlines of marketing efforts which have to be done to raise good business. A market plan is aimed to create incentive pay plans for business employees to satisfy the business corporate objectives behind the company mission to encourage and motivate the company staffs and also reward them for good sales. Furthermore, the corporate mission should not be either too narrow or too wide. A market plan is consist of deadlines, budget and staff allocation which identify, set and bring the marketing strategies to business life. A business has four steps to follow which are; 1) to build business plan 2) to implement strategies to business plan 3) to meet the business goal 4)to refine the corporate business draft. It a really important that the business strew goes which you have developed whether meeting the whole the business plan or not. So end of the process of business, they have been audited. Solid marketing tactics build a successful business so in this way, good strategies have to develop before we initiate the market plan. In the process of developing good market plan, a detailed market map have to be created. For making thoughtful, well organised and well informedShow MoreRelatedThe Marketing Plan For The Business Plan858 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant to protect it and continue the development and positioning it in the market. Therefore, there are numerous models of communication plans, the firm should use the one they find appropriate for them. In essence communications plans have several disciplines that interrelated and in synergy would support the business plan can create an effective communication plan with results potentially beneficial to the positioning of the brand. These disciplines are: advertising, paid search, social media, customerRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan1241 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing Plan As I navigated my way through the business plan provided to me by ChopSaver, I saw that they had a clear and concise marketing plan. Currently ChopSaver is sold online and in over 9,000 U.S. retailers, including over 7,000 CVS Pharmacy locations nationwide. When asked how they market their product, ChopSaver replied, â€Å"As a brand with a unique and authentic story behind it, we utilize both social media and public relations to tell the story. The musical part of the brand lends itselfRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan1266 Words   |  6 Pagesgrow health hair.† 2) Next, create an outline for a business plan by answering the following â€Å"nine questions every business plan should answer†: 1. Who is the customer? The customer is the party that will receives or consumes my products and has the ability to choose between different products and suppliers. The customers for my products would the working moms, housewives and dads in my local area. I would like to start by selling and marketing my product to them firms because I know how I can reachRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan1159 Words   |  5 PagesFirst Things First: Before you start tutoring, it s important to create a business plan, determine your company’s specialization and create a company image that sets you apart from the competition and attracts your target market. 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Without marketing, a business may offer the best products or service in an industryRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan1268 Words   |  6 Pagesare invested in making this a business not creating a hobby business for the sake of brewing beer. Therefore, a written business plan is in existence. A wr itten business plan would have been required to secure the government loan. ï‚ · A business plan should be a working document, not created and then placed in a drawer. It should remain on the desk as a reminder of the objectives and goals set forth initially and revised as the business grows and adapts. Every business owner has a goal of profitabilityRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan792 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing Plan A well-developed marketing plan will provide many benefits. For example, it will help Priority attract clients, keep marketing efforts aligned with the organizations mission and goals, and enable leaders to effectively evaluate the market environment in which they plan to operate. Since Priority is attempting to enter a new market, their marketing plan should emphasize strategies that will enable them to build their client base and gain market share. Additionally, Priority expectsRead MoreMarketing Plan For A Business Plan Competition1715 Words   |  7 PagesReview Research shows that business plan competitions throughout time have always provided a substantial opportunity to improve entrepreneurial education. Student entrepreneurs originally were interested in business plan competitions because it was a place for them to create and pitch their business ideas to real investors and get incredible feedback. 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Silent Dancing Free Essays

Demarcus Spears Wei Chen ENGL. 1013 5-3-10 Drinking Age According to â€Å"Why Do Adolescents Drink† internet source teens believe drinking is the way to avoid the real world. They tend to think that it avoids stress related problems and peer pressure from others. We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Dancing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet some people feel they are well old enough, and should be treated as an adult when it comes to drinking or lowering the drinking age to eighteen. Standing up going against lowering the drinking age is the way to stand because it is the wrong proposal to agree on for lowering it. The current drinking age should stay at twenty-one because eighteen year olds are not mature enough to consume alcohol and be able to be responsible for what happens. Many eight-teen year olds bodies are affected physically because they are not ready for the consumption of alcohol. If they began to drink at such an early age, alcohol can cause memory lapses, loss of coordination and slower reflexes. Alcohol is absorbed in the bloodstream and can damage every organ in the body. At eight-teen life is just begging and to suffer from one of the many long term complications it offers would be devastating at that age. Teens would not be able to play sports, remember child hood stories to someday tell or you could end up in the hospital constantly on machines. At eight-teen teen should maintain a healthy diet to a longer healthier life. Drinking at the age of eighteen or younger could cause many long-term complications as well. Some of these effects include neurological dangers, cardio logical problems, respiratory dangers, liver disease, and psychological dangers. Dangers that include impaired vision, memory effects, and seizures that could lead to permanent damage to the brain. Damages also include respiratory depression and failure. Additionally alcohol increases the risk of mouth and throat cancer which could lead to bad effects. Cardio logical problems include elevated blood pressure and an increase on the heart rate. Liver disease can also be cause by chronic alcohol abuse. Other physiological dangers include damage to the gastrointestinal system. Alcohol can cause deteriorate relationships with family, friends and co- workers. So ask yourself again at eighteen are you prepared to suffer the long-term complications at such an early age somewhere down your age line if starting to soon. Every twenty-two minutes someone dies in an alcohol-related accident that relates to many reasonable mental issues. Figuring the all a high number of those deaths and accidents come in the fifteen to twenty- four age group. Statistics show that seventy percent of all teenagers drink alcohol yet sixty percent of all teen deaths in cars are alcohol related. Young drivers are involved in driving accidents at higher rates than older drivers. Teens tend to be inexperienced drivers and inexperienced consumers of alcohol. With the information provided, if the age of alcohol were to be lowered, more teen deaths would occur much higher due to the drunken driving issue. Many teens today drop out of school due to the issue of alcohol abuse to the brain. Alcohol abuse is an excessive use of alcohol and alcoholic drinks in which has no reason to drink. A great amount of our teens are dropping out of school due to the use of alcohol. Some students who tend to drink may show up at school thinking it is cool to show it off. Then what happens is they encourage others to do the same and it creates more teens to want to become cool so they try it. What they don’t know is alcohol could become an addiction and create mental issues as of giving up on class work. Maybe not even attending class thinking it is cool. Or maybe even doing things you would do if you were not drunk. After awhile many students would think going other places such as jobs, interviews, public places would be the best way to go if you were drunk. So drinking at the age of a teen may cause them to drop out I see because their mind is not strong enough to do the right thing when under the influence of alcohol. Some teens become frustrated and think it is the only way to go. Alcohol could also lead to the use of drugs which is a weak mind way and could lead to mental stages as well. At eighteen it is illegal to buy alcohol and if you are a daily drinker how else would people be able to get that same feeling if you were drunk. Teens could begin to become frustrated and need a back-up. Drugs such as marijuana, heroin is both illegal but yet people still use them as if they were legal. There is not an age limit for buying drugs. As a young teen under the influence of alcohol they have no control in what they do. So drinking with a group of friends may lead to an act of them doing drugs they have been doing in the past to a new alcoholic that’s a teen wants to try. Now days it becomes worse because they populations has grown an more teens are following the wrong foot steps in the wrong path and takes them off track an before they know it it will be too late and they have come addicted to using a drug that never occurred to them until alcohol was brought to the picture. Just thinking of using alcohol or drugs to solve problems that have other ways around it is just not the way to go. So do not make the choice to start drinking because it will get very much out of hand before even noticed and may lead to many more dangerous stunts and accidents that we do not want to come across in the future. Lowering the drinking age could lead to mental stages such as committing suicide as well. Committing suicide is the easiest way out some teens may vary to see. Teens that tend to drink around other friends that are not big fans of drinking makes them become anti-social and make that group of people not want to hang with one particular person because he or she drinks. Before you know it the person who was singled out because of drinking may come to the senses of no one wanting to be around them. The teen drinker with such a week mind may endeavor that no one wants him around so he tends to lose focus on doing what’s best for them. Most teens often think if no one wants them around that committing suicide is the best way to handle it but it’s not. There are other ways around it like counseling and other obstacles. So lowering the drinking age would not be good because it could lead to senseless minds in teens and make them lose control and do something that is not worth it. The number of death rates would increase in teens and cause more pain to families. Teens are just not responsible enough to know that drinking could lead to hazardous deaths and changes in the body and make you keep having an instinct on committing such things that you thought you would never come to. However, many people today believe that if at eighteen you are old enough to join the army why should not you be able to buy alcohol at that age. Some people believe that fighting is better than just sitting around drinking as a teen is the right way to go if you have to. Lowering the drinking age to eighteen will make people feel way more comfortable to just walk in the liquor store and buy alcohol. Instead as a teen drinking alcohol just takes it slowly down but is killing the inside of the body physically. Fighting in the army shows that a eighteen year old is dedicated to fight for his country showing honor. Drinking for no reason at eighteen is not showing honor it is showing ignorance. As it mean the law could be made but what teen is going to abide by it and not drink at the age of eighteen. If they are doing things besides listening to the law if it has not stopped now what would make it in the future. The talk upon the media would just be against making what is right better. But knowing that fighting at eighteen is a totally different thing at drinking at eighteen because people do not seem to understand the known facts of why fighting is more important. The drinking age should not be lowered no matter how much facts they have put to be proven because it is not going to stop young eighteen year olds to stop killing their bodies for no reason. Some parents would seriously think lowering it would harm society as well maybe because they have children out there that could be influenced at some young age and it could reduce life expand over one small drink leading to a couple more which could lead to trying more and more. So parents would agree more with being able to join the army than lowering the drinking age maybe. Some may be for lowering but everyone has their own opinion and the freedom of speech. If they believe eighteen year olds are old enough and responsible enough to buy alcohol then let it be. But they should think of how much more trouble it would cause if this happens. The drinking age should be change to twenty-five if more people had say so because most twenty-one year olds are not even mature enough with alcohol until this day. In conclusion, the age for drinking should not be lowered to eighteen. It is quite clear that an eighteen year old is not clearly mature enough to consume any alcohol at that age. Their bodies are not fully developed to hold as much alcohol. More drinking and driving accidents may occur more often. Many more teens would make it through school without the alcohol killing their brains. An eighteen year old is not near as responsible because it would make them do things they should not be doing. Agreeing or Disagreeing makes no differences in this argument. Having principles bagging up your information as of why the drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. It could cause many more problems in the economy. This economy has been destroyed enough due to the typical issues that have been brought to this world because of unofficial details explaining why such a thing has to be done. Laws have been set to standards that the age twenty-one should be kept instead of eighteen. Just as it was mentioned earlier committing suicide is not what we need to be dealing with. It is one of the main causes of teen deaths so why would you consider lowering the age drinking what more harm do we need. So as we can see the drinking age is at it moderate level and should not be changed due to controversy reasons. Today people are very influenced by any type of easy way out and we should not base it on alcohol because of the numbering of alcohol drinks of teen accidents and the rate of taking a last drink leading to death. How to cite Silent Dancing, Papers

Canevin Theater Essay Example For Students

Canevin Theater Essay Canevin Catholic High School offers many extra curricular activities. Those students geared toward the physical challenges may choose from various athletic programs such as, basketball, soccer, and football. On the other hand, there are additional activities for those more interested in a mental challenge. These students may join such organizations anywhere from FBLA to Forensics. However, of all the extra curricular activities offered by Canevin, none excites me more than Dramatics. This paper takes a look at my last three years involvement in the annual musical productions here at Canevin. Traditionally, Canevins dramatics has been a full-scale musical production performed in the spring. Students may audition for chorus, acting or dancing parts or they may join one of the many stage crews. During freshman year, I tried out for the musical Working. Working depicted different careers through dialogue, song and dance. To my surprise, I made callbacks. When the cast list was posted, the role of Anthony Polazzo, the Mason, was awarded to me. After weeks of hard work and rehearsals, it was finally opening night. From that time on, I realized Dramatics was for me. The following year, the start-up meeting could not arrive fast enough for me. The play selected for my sophomore year was Damn Yankees. The musicals main character was Joe Hardy. Joe wanted so drastically to play baseball for the Washington Senators, that he was willing to sell his soul to the devil. When the cast list was posted this time, I was assigned to play the role of Mr. Welch. As owner of the Washington Senators, I was expected to portray a prestigious and confident businessman who enjoyed his cigars. In one short year, I went from a mason in overalls, to a baseball team owner decked out in a suit and tie. Thats show business!Into the Woods was selected as the musical for the following year. The story line included various adaptations of traditional fairy tales. Well, if mason to owner wasnt extreme enough, what would you say about Cinderellas father? Junior year found me playing the character of an older man who marries for the second time, to a woman with two nagging daugh ters. In a house of four women, no wonder he resorted to drinking. Directed to use a silver flask as a prop and a fair amount of improvisation of libations, I portrayed the character of Cinderellas father as a drunk. When the final curtain came down closing night on Into the Woods, there was, however, one more performance still to come. This year Canevin had been nominated for 6 Gene Kelly Awards, including Best Musical in Budget Level 2. The Gene Kelly Awards sponsored by Pittsburghs Civic Light Opera recognizes students for excellence in High School musical theater. On the night of the awards, those schools nominated for Best Show perform on the Benedum stage a selection from their production. Extra rehearsals were scheduled, and a final practice with the Benedum orchestra was needed. I am proud to announce that Canevin was awarded the Gene Kelly for Best Costume Design and Best Musical in our division. Additionally, each year two students are asked to represent their school in a final production number. This prestigious honor is always given to two seniors. Unfortunately, this year, two of the practices fell during graduation activities. Since 5 rehearsals are mandatory, our director, Treva Rueso made her selections from the junior cast members. A fellow junior and I were ecstatic to be chosen to join members from all the participating schools in the final production number, Keep Your Eyes on the Goal. The plethora of ecstatic people applauding at the close of the Gene Kellys was phenomenal. It was indeed an honor to represent Canevin in this collaboration of students exercising their many talents. .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .postImageUrl , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:hover , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:visited , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:active { border:0!important; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:active , .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9 .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u423cc88b535f3b3419aede753b858fc9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ephesians 2 EssayI have experienced many gratifying moments in my years at Canevin, but few have been as electrifying as sharing with fellow cast and crew members their ability, courage, and commitment in creating the annual school musical. The Dramatic program continues to surprise its supporters with innovative musical theater. Through my experience in putting on a musical, I have learned what it means to work as a team. The camaraderie was intense and rewarding. I

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JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin

JEFFERSON Surname Meaning and Origin Jefferson is a patronymic surname meaning son of Jeffrey, Jeffers, or Jeff. Jeffrey is a variant of Geoffrey, meaning peaceful place, from gawia, meaning territory and frid, meaning peace.  Geoffrey is also a possible variant of the Norman personal name  Godfrey, meaning Gods peace or peaceful ruler. Surname Origin: English Alternate Surname Spellings: JEFFERS, JEFFERIES, JEFFRYS Where in the World is the JEFFERSON Surname Found? The Jefferson  surname is most prevalent in the United States, where it ranks as the 662nd most common surname in the nation, according to surname distribution data from Forebears. It is most common in the Cayman Islands, where it ranks 133rd, and is also fairly common in England, Haiti, Brazil, Northern Ireland, Jamaica, Grenada, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands. According to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, the Jefferson surname is most popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia, followed by the states of Mississippi, Louisiana, Delaware, South Carolina, Virginia and Arkansas. Within the United Kingdom, Jefferson is found primarily in Northern England and the southern border regions of Scotland, with the greatest numbers living in the Redcar and Cleveland district where the surname originated, and in surrounding counties such as North Yorkshire, Durham, Cumbria, and Northumberland in England, and Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Famous People with the Last Name JEFFERSON Thomas Jefferson - 3rd president of the United States and author of the Declaration of IndependenceBlind Lemon Jefferson -  American blues guitarist,  singer and songwriterGeoffrey Jefferson -  British neurologist and pioneering neurosurgeonArthur Stanley Jefferson - English comic actorEddie Jefferson -  celebrated American jazz  vocalist and lyricistFrancis Arthur Jefferson -  English recipient of the Victoria Cross Genealogy Resources for the Surname JEFFERSON Jefferson DNA ProjectA group of people whove tested their Y-DNA through Family Tree DNA in an effort to use DNA plus traditional genealogical research to match up various Jefferson lineages. Ancestry of Thomas JeffersonA discussion of the ancestry of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, from the website of his family home, Monticello. Jeffersons BloodA discussion of the DNA evidence that supports the theory that  Thomas Jefferson fathered at least one of Sally Hemingss children, and quite probably all six.   Jefferson Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Jefferson  family crest or coat of arms for the Jefferson surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. JEFFERSON Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Jefferson  ancestors, or post your own Jefferson query. FamilySearch - JEFFERSON GenealogyExplore over 600,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jefferson  surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. JEFFERSON  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jefferson surname.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.    Back to  Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Discussion Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Discussion - Movie Review Example In color science and art, Seurat had great interest in dividing color into its components. Seurat understood that mixing colors would be imperative in producing natural colors. The idea of mixing colors relates to an optical mixture of technique that have the capability of producing original color of natural objects. Seurat achieved optical mixture by designing sketches that he finally used in painting the final picture. Sunday on La Grande Jatte art represents the impression of Seurat painting style. The art has an illusion of space through, which Seurat carefully manages between his objects in the art. Receding diagonal line within the art depicts illusion of space within Seurat paintings (Smarthistory 3:20). In addition, Seurat art represents classical, traditional painting with alternating shadows and light that gives the illusion of space. However, Seurat’s painting style represents ambiguity of class and time that existed in France. Ambiguity in Seurat’s painting of Sunday on La Grande Jatte was his idea to mix various social classes within the same art. Mixed class in the art results from the difference in quality of clothes (5:30). In addition, Seurat’s painting was different from what other artists believed in mainly due to his objects that never interacted within the art (Smarthistory 6:00). However, the classical and monumental nature of Seurat’s Sunday on La Grande Jatte painting received support from various artists and viewers. Sleuth discusses Van Gogh paintings, his life, and presumed madness in the art. The discussion presents Van Gogh’s art in three main parts. The first part of the discussion explores whether the art represents spontaneous product of madness. Van Gogh’s night landscape dates from 1889 when astronomy attracted enthusiasm. Spiral nature of the sky in Van Gogh’s starry night resembles a factual nebular as outlined in ancient

Why is Face to Face Selling Important in a Time when Technology is Essay

Why is Face to Face Selling Important in a Time when Technology is Seemingly Important - Essay Example When you are starting out small, you are probably going to have to do a lot of selling in order to jump-start your business. Your effectiveness as a salesperson will be an absolutely critical factor in the success of your business. Later, as your business grows and prospers, you may be able to delegate more and more of the selling process to your employees. The majority of the products and services being sold business to business, as well as many sold to consumers, require a personal sales talk. Now, one disadvantage of selling by telephone or any other high-tech means is the lack of face-to-face contact (Wiersema, 1996). When you are sitting with a prospect, it's much easier to read their body language. You can see the look on their face when their confused about something you said. You can see the delight when you hit a hot button for them. You can read the shifts in their body as they respond to your every word. Non-verbal communication is missing when you sell by phone or by e-mail. Selling over the phone or any other non face-to-face means puts you at a huge disadvantage because numerous studies have shown that 55% of what we communicate is non-verbal. This technique will give you back the advantage you might have lost. By asking questions that solicit a response from your prospect you will get an idea of what's going on inside the prospect's mind. Another disadvantage of selling through high-tech gadgets is that it is somewhat like to traditional selling. Traditional selling entails the use of sales "scripts" that are both awkward and unnatural. Dozens of memorized closes, questions rigged with "tie-down" lines tricks the prospect into saying "yes", etc. This traditional selling sequence is contrived, and goes against natural flow of the prospect. And even when customers buy as a result of these high-pressure tactics, it's not because they want the product but because they are cornered or intimidated into the sale. On the contrary, selling face-to-face can get you into the mind of your prospect. Mind reading, as used ethically in sales and marketing, is simply the process of observing and utilizing natural human tendencies to sidestep the natural defense barriers that are obstacles in the sales process. In this manner, your prospect is a voluntary and willing participant, and becomes happily involved in a buying decision that you have rendered painless and even enjoyable. The sales process becomes a matter of just providing only the specific information in the order and context that your unique prospects require to buy. Since you're going to your prospect's natural flow, and using a selling sequence to which your prospect is naturally inclined, you eliminate any resistance. Selling couldn't be any easier. Further, face-to-face sales are one of the most original forms of marketing (Stone, 1997). In the past, door-to-door sales accounted for a significant percentage of sales for many companies. Companies like the Fuller Brush Company, Avon, and others have had great success with face-to-face sales over the years, and continue to use door-to-door marketing today, expanding their sales around the world (Treacy, et

Department of Homeland Security, and Science and Technology Policy and Essay

Department of Homeland Security, and Science and Technology Policy and Politics - Essay Example Science is about the search for objective evidence that would support successful predictions about the world around us; while politics is about governing based on the public's acceptance of the legitimacy and accountability of elected officials. On the other hand, in the U.S. democracy, science and politics are uniquely dependent on one another, although the relationship has never been an easy one. The search for truth in science and for legitimacy in politics both require systems for generating public trust, but these systems are not the same, and indeed they are often incompatible. (Branscomb, Oct. 14, 2006) The need for both to be acceptable in the society entails great deal of issues that are needed to be resolved to attain the same goal of achieving strength and concord for the community. The establishment of the Department of Homeland Security has created several issues about its yet another political dogma that might eventually become another burden of the federal government that will threaten the US community. Although science and technology has an unlimited capacity in preserving peace and stability of a nation, the need for a government and public support is an integral part in its utmost success. Even the most basic research requires financial assistance from the government such that it may be able to provide an incomparable assistance to the society. This irrefutable fact, on the other hand, provides restrictions in its competence of granting both practical and cultural value to society. (Branscomb, Oct. 14, 2006) Moreover, yet other factors that concerns public policy affect the various accomplishments that may have been attained by science and technology. Foreign policies that promote or limit collaborations of scientists worldwide may prevent new and innovative ideas to launch. The educational system that may train and develop the new breed of scientists in the future provides a very limited if not anything at all. The achievement of these goals of science and technology depends on new scientific institutions and facilities that would define the leading-edge capabilities of science. Finally, scientists, like other citizens, do care about how society uses the knowledge their research creates. In addition, for this reason, a great number of citizens are happy to serve on advisory committees even without financial compensation. (Branscomb, Oct. 14, 2006) Scientists have often opposed the government although they have been accepting federal funding. The federal government perceives them as insufficiently grateful of their assistance for which these scientists overly contesting the government policies. Regardless of the situation, the government could not ignore the fact that science and technology and the people behind its research and implementation are a significant factor in attaining the nation's goals. Politicians still rely on the competent, objective, and useful science advices of the scientists such that in most cases, they are incapable of instigating the different functions of the government agencies that requires sound technical advices. (Branscomb, Oct. 14, 2006) The Department of Homeland Security and Science and Technology Policy And Politics in the US Safeguarding the nation has turned out to be the main concern of the US federal

Organisational Structures in Social Work

Organisational Structures in Social Work Organisations Working Separately and Individuals Working in Isolation are no Longer an Option Introduction This paper will consider the key ideas and theories underlying organizations. In doing so there will be particular concentration on the areas of mental health and social services. There will be an examination of the legislative context and policy changes as they apply to the chosen areas. Since the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act there has been considerable emphasis on partnership working and the importance of this to mental health and social services will be examined. Attention will also be paid to the experiences of users and carers, particularly as it relates to issues of power and inequality. The paper will begin with a general introduction to the areas under consideration. It is no longer an option for organizations to work in isolation, this is particularly the case with organization concerned with services to the public. The organizations which come under the umbrella of what is known as human services operate in both the public and the private arenas. The introduction of market principles into areas that were once the sole responsibility of the state welfare system, has meant that an increasing number of human service workers are employed in the private sector. Human Service organisations are comprised of medical staff and others such as administrators, cooks and cleaners employed by the NHS or in private practice, the police and probation services, the prison services, social services, and to a limited extent those working in education. Certainly the pre-school sector could be described as a human service organisation because of the many different services the sector performs. Many of these are voluntary organisations. The voluntary human services might also include organisations that help the disabled, organisations such as Adaction which work with alcoholics and people with drug problems, and Mind, a voluntary sector organisation which caters for people with mental health problems. Social Services People seeking to work in the human services usually do better if they have had some prior experience. This might be through undertaking work placements or by undertaking voluntary work for a time. In social work, this is likely to be even more the case because prior community involvement is seen as a valuable asset. This may be a result of the fact that the social services has its roots in the voluntary charity work of the late nineteenth century. The role of a social worker is primarily defined by what used to be known as personal social services. This is because on the whole social workers are concerned with individuals and the care they may need. In the field of human services social work may be seen as both typical, and untypical , firstly its aim is to provide a personal service that benefits other people, social workers are more likely than other human service workers to be involved with people on an individual basis, often for a prolonged period of time. In other areas of the human services contact with the public is usually more fleeting. As a result of current Government policy a social worker who may be involved with clients with mental health needs, may find themselves in partnership with the NHS (or community mental health team) and a voluntary organisation such as Mind. More importantly, Government expects social care and health professionals to work closely and collaboratively with service users. What social work consists of is decided by Parliament. This is because the Government defines the statutes that outline social workers responsibilities and the people towards whom they have that responsibility, also the ma nner in which such responsibilities should be undertaken, and the legislative framework that underpins the professional practice of social work (Brayne and Martin, 1995).[1] Social workers have to abide by the code of practice set by the General Social Care Council, and are bound by the 1970 Social Services Act as it applies to local authorities. Since the Human Rights Act of 1998 social workers are bound by law to respect the inherent rights and dignity of every human person. Social workers are bound by the 1990 Community Care Act and subsequent legislation. Local Authorities are also by the Disability Discrimination Act and social workers whose clients who have mental or physical disabilities Social workers have to be familiar with this Act as well as the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act of 1970. Social workers also need to be aware of what defines a person with mental or physical or disabilities and how their needs might best be addressed. Local authorites have to regulate services to deal accommodate both their own financial restraints and people’s needs and disabilitie. The social worker is bound by the same terms as their employer. Local Authority Social Service Departments have a legal duty to find out if there are people with disabilities in their area, what the number is, and what help the Department is able to offer. Details of services should be published and the department has a duty to inform clients of their rights in relation to the services they provide.[2] The Local Authority and also the social worker have to take into account the major implications of the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act when dealing with people who have mental or physical difficulties. Disability is defined under this Act disability as: Disability is defined as a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities (Brayne and Martin, 1999:460). Social workers have a duty to assess the service needs that disabled service users may have and decide whether they can help the person with that need. There is also a considerable emphasis within social services on encouraging the user to participate in decisions regarding their care. At the same time social workers are encouraged to lessen the power differential between themselves and service users, this means engaging in anti-oppressive practice e.g. accessible language, and doing what they can to empower individuals. Policy Changes Changes in Government social policy during the 1970s and 1980s resulted in significant changes to those organizations which provided services for people with disabilities, people with learning disabilities, and older people (Kirk, 1998). As a result of Government spending cuts numbers of institutions were closed and this resulted in care being increasingly focused on the community. The Griffiths Report (1988) was commissioned by the Government and it recommended that local authorities should be enablers, who organized and directed community care. Local authorities would no longer be the sole providers of care, but would have their own budgets to purchase care from the private and voluntary sector. This policy became a matter of statute under the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act. The Act stipulated that individual care packages would be organised by local authorities with input from voluntary and charitable organisations. The terms of the Act resulted in an increase in the burden of care for the social work profession. Under the 1990 Act social workers are required to make initial assessments and then refer clients to the appropriate services. The Act emphasized partnership working in all areas and social workers now have to consult with professionals from all walks of life in order to adequately provide for their clients needs. The Government has been committed to this idea of partnership working and has regularly updated the terms since coming to power, and produced a white paper on the delivery of integrated health and social care in July of last year.[3] When it comes to clients with mental health needs many social workers may find themselves working in conjunction with the organization known as Mind. Mind Mind is the leading mental health charity in both England and Wales.[4] Mind has over 200 local associations which run drop in centres, help lines, give housing advice and work with mental health professionals and social workers to improve the lives of people with mental health difficulties. The aims of Mind are as follows Advancing the views, needs and ambitions of people with mental health problems Challenging discrimination and promoting inclusion Influencing policy through campaigning and education Inspiring the development of quality services which reflect expressed need and diversity Achieving equal rights through campaigning and education.[5] Their aims demonstrate that Mind is geared towards the minimalisation of inequalitites and the promotion of the needs and rights of people with mental health difficulties. Mind aims to empower its users and to encourage their participation in assessing and providing for their needs. Mind campaigns to improve the lives of those with mental health problems and to raise awareness in the wider community so that the public and the Government are more accepting of people with these needs. Mind also advises Government, Health Authorities, and Social Services Departments on what is best practice for addressing mental health needs. In this way Mind might be said to be a good advertisement for partnership working which, as Molyneux (2001)[6] reminds us can sometimes be problematic. Social Services and Mind Mind is aware of the contribution that social workers make and points out that the right kind of social care can go a long way to alleviating the stress that mental health difficulties may bring. At present mental health users receive only a small amount of social care and are often referred for medical help alone. However, this course of action neglects the enormous social consequences that mental health difficulties can have and how it affects family units. Greater availability of social care would go a long way to alleviating such difficulties. The increasing Government emphasis on partnership working should lead to a greater connection between those who work for social services and the staff of mind. The two of them together could be of considerable help in assisting sufferers to reintegrate back into society after a long hospital stay. Conclusion This paper has examined some of the theories and structures underlying social service departments and the charity called Mind. It has looked at the legislative and policy contexts as they apply to people who need social care and who may also have mental health problems. It has looked at partnership working and how the responsibilities that are incumbent upon social workers are intended to minimalise inequalities and to substantially lessen the power differential between service users and service providers. Bibliography Banks, S. 2003 From oaths to rulebooks: a critical examination of codes of ethics for the social professions European journal of Social Work Volume 6 No. 2 July 2003 p. 133-144 Brayne and Martin 6th ed. 1999 Law for Social Workers London, Blackstone Press http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/ Molyneux, J 2001 â€Å"Interprofessional team working: What makes teams work well?† Journal of Inter-professional Care 15 (1) 2001 p.1-7 http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/ http://www.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/ p.1 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 http://www.drc-gb.org/thelaw/thedda.asp http://www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.html http://www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.html 1 Footnotes [1] Brayne and Martin 6th ed. 1999 Law for Social Workers London, Blackstone Press [2] http://www.after16.org.uk/pages/law5.html [3] http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/PressReleases/PressReleasesNotices/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4116486chk=zOTHS/ [4] http://www.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/ [5] http://www.mind.org.uk/About+Mind/ p.1 [6] Molyneux, J 2001 â€Å"Interprofessional team working: What makes teams work well?† Journal of Inter-professional Care 15 (1) 2001 p.1-7

Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essays

These days it is easy to read on the internet about a woman who has been beaten by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, each year and these deaths are increasing. However, although this is the main problem in our society,there are other kinds of domestic violence that not many people know but they have the same importance. In this essay I intent to give a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also suggest some possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effects of domestic violence in children. The term family violence includes all forms of violence within families. It is commonly used to describe the abuse women suffer at the hands of their male partners, but it is also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a hidden problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk about it. The overwhelming majority are women and children who are more vulnerable. There are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, verbal/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, humiliate and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children; putting one's partner down and making them feel bad about themselves and their abilities; treating one's partner like a servant; abuser making decisions regarding partner's financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humiliation will destroy a woman's belief in herself and she may start to believe that she's worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. Economic abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may often be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who believe that if it even exists it can't be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. Some people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by opening help - centres, organizations and institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to call them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this and that is not enough, but the government doesn't have the required money. For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solving conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal right to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the 'provocation'. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused. Domestic Violence Essay -- Violence Against Women Essays These days it is easy to read on the internet about a woman who has been beaten by her professional athlete husband or her boyfriend. Thousands of women are mistreated, or even murdered, each year and these deaths are increasing. However, although this is the main problem in our society,there are other kinds of domestic violence that not many people know but they have the same importance. In this essay I intent to give a definition of domestic violence and explain the main kinds of abuses.I will also suggest some possible solutions to diminish or to eliminate this problem and I will show some domestic indicators. I intend to argue some unhelpful behaviours and to finish I will discuss the effects of domestic violence in children. The term family violence includes all forms of violence within families. It is commonly used to describe the abuse women suffer at the hands of their male partners, but it is also used to mean family violence. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, psychological, social or economic. Domestic violence is a hidden problem. It occurs in the privacy of a home, and those involved are usually reluctant to talk about it. The overwhelming majority are women and children who are more vulnerable. There are a lot of kinds of domestic violence such as physical abuse, verbal/emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, social abuse or spiritual abuse. The first kind is physical and verbal/emotioonal abuse. This is produced when any action intended to degrade, humiliate and demean, both in public or private, including threats to injure or otherwise harm, the partner or the children; putting one's partner down and making them feel bad about themselves and their abilities; treating one's partner like a servant; abuser making decisions regarding partner's financial status, free time, friendships, work and leisure activities. This constant humiliation will destroy a woman's belief in herself and she may start to believe that she's worthless, that the violence is her fault. Verbal abuse also includes threats of physical violence and violent verbal outbursts. Economic abuse occurs where the man has total control over all financial resources. The woman may have to beg for money to buy necessities and when it is given, it may often be insufficient. She is then criticised for being stupid and incompetent in failing to provide adequately with t... ...y wants to admit any bad apparitions in the society what causes more harm to the victims. There are also people who believe that if it even exists it can't be that bad. They just deny it. To conclud, just recently people started to talk about this problem in public. The newspapers publish articles concerning the different forms of domestic violence. Some people who were in contact with victims of the violence have tried to help them by opening help - centres, organizations and institutions, which support the victims by giving them some kind of safety and which encourage them to talk about that. The SOS - telephone is very important, because it is available 24 hours a day and because the anonymity they guarantee. People feel free to call them and ask for help. There are only a few centres like this and that is not enough, but the government doesn't have the required money. For my part, I feel that there is NO excuse for any kind of violence. Violence is never an acceptable method of solving conflicts in relationships, nor do partners have a legal right to assault each other, whatever they may claim to have been the 'provocation'. Nobody asks for, or deserves to be, abused.

Finance and Positivism

Introduction According to Little (2005), philosophy of social science is a scholarly discipline that attempts to analyse the logic, methodology, modes of explanation of the social sciences, in which its studies include psychology, sociology, anthropology, history and economics. Social science provides understanding of everyday interactions of individuals and interactions among human society in social institutions. Providing prediction and explanation for human behaviour and its consequences are some of the main aims of social science (Rosenberg, 1988).The purpose of this paper is to examine how philosophy of social science can help in explaining speculators’ behaviours. This paper is divided into five sections. It will begin by explaining the speculative behaviours of stock traders on lottery type of stocks, the probable data source and methodology. This will be followed by introducing the concept of positivism and identifying the reasons for selecting positivism. This paper w ill also provide some criticisms to positivism. Lastly, the paper ends with a summary.Speculative Behaviours of the Stock Traders in Lottery Type of Stocks My research will be mainly focus on the speculative behaviours of the stock traders, such as fund managers and retail speculators on lottery type of stocks. Speculation is different from investment, in which according to Peers (2003), On the one hand, speculation involves taking large amount of risks attempting to earn quick profit. Speculation is a game where expected return and risk are both indeterminate.As a result, speculators need to take relatively large amount of risk with respect to attempt to predict the future. A simple example of speculation is purchasing gold. Speculators might think that buying gold is a better use of money due to the inflation. Since gold depends more on inflationary rate and relies less on global economy, buy gold during period of financial crisis will help speculators to generate quick profit. Ho wever, gold prices are now extremely high, and there is no guarantee that prices will keep increasing in the future.Since there are huge fluctuations in gold prices, speculators are very likely need to bear large amount of risk when they purchased gold. On the other hand, according to Taylor Frigon Capital Management LLC (2007) investment involves analyzing the future earning and the preference of participating in those future earnings. The expected future value of investment is higher than the cost of the investment. Expected future value takes into account for all of the potential good or bad events multiply by the probability of those events.Investors usually search for definable expected future value, minimize risk and investors have nominal risk aversion, which means that investors will prefer a more guaranteed payout and the uncertain one, otherwise, investors will need a higher expected returns in order for them to undertake the risk. Using the gold example to differentiate i nvestor and speculator, investors purchase gold and hold it for decades, because after couple of decades, the returns from selling those amounts of gold will be higher than the initial cost of buying those amounts of gold, even after subtracting the returns from the transaction costs.Furthermore, gold will still be considered as one of the most precious metal after couple of decades. Investors do not need to worry that the value of gold will worth nothing, thus expected future value is more guaranteed and risk is minimized to some extent. Speculators purchase gold during the periods of financial crisis, and sell gold in order to buy stocks during periods of bubble. This strategy can help speculators to generate quick profit, however, it is extremely hard to predict when bubble or crisis will occur, and this uncertainty might cause speculators to experience huge amount of loss as well.Lottery Type of Stocks According to Kumar (2009), some stocks are classified as lottery type because they have prominent characteristics of lottery. Lottery type of stocks has low prices and relatively high potential payoff, just like jackpot in lottery. The expected returns of lottery type of stocks are negative but low, and they have risky payoffs. The price distribution of lottery type of stocks has very high variance, and most particularly, the probability of earning a huge profit is extremely small.Since lottery type of stocks has a very big probability of experiencing a loss and a very small probability to generate a huge gain, both risk and expected future value are indeterminate. By applying the definition of investors and speculators that we mentioned earlier, only speculators will have the preference of buying lottery type of stocks, due to their risk loving behavior, while investors do not, because risk-averse investors prefer to minimize risk even though there is a small change to earn huge profit.Positivism One of the main topics in philosophy of social science is pos itivism. According to the Merriam-Webber’s Dictionary, â€Å"positivism† is a view of scientific methods and a philosophy approach that defines positive knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations as verified by the empirical sciences, and defines theology and metaphysic as earlier imperfect modes of knowledge.According to Perry, Riege and Brown (1999), some of the ontological assumptions of positivism are that the world exists externally, it is characterized by natural laws and it can be objectively observed by using a scientific way. In other words, positivism can be viewed as an appropriate methodology of social science, which emphasizes empirical observation. Positivism is also associated with empiricism, only the events, things or creatures that can be observed based on sense, experience and positive verification via the five senses can be considered as authentic knowledge.According to Creswell (2003), the underlying epistemological assumption of positivism is that there is an independent researcher of the research project, who is value and bias free, and has no influence on the result of research or data collected. Furthermore, Ticehurst and Veal (2000) states that the methodological approach for positivism is restricted in term of explanation and discovery of facts. Researcher uses developed theories and frameworks to describe behaviours based on the observations and facts collected.As a result, scientific, empiricist, experiental, deductive or quantitative approaches are involved in the research. In addition, Guba and Lincoln (1994) state that the paradigm stresses the value-free theory testing instead of theory building. Some of the key assumptions of the positivism paradigm, according to Phillips and Burbles (2000) include, first of all, researchers use null hypothesis because founded evidence in their research is usually fallible and imperfect. Secondly, majority of quantitative researches begin with the test of a theory.Researches can be considered as a practice of making claims, and subsequently either abandoning or refining them. Thirdly, knowledge is shaped by the data, evidence and rational considerations. Furthermore, research attempts to develop statements those are relevant and true, in which they are able to provide descriptions and explanations for the situation or causal relationship. Lastly, one of the most important parts of a competent inquiry is to being objective. Data and MethodologyIn order for lottery type of stocks to match the main characteristics of lotteries, first of all, the data will mainly focus on the stock with low prices (under one pound per stock). Within the set of stocks with low prices, my PhD research will focus on stocks with higher stock specific skewness, because these are the stock with higher potential payoff and they appears to be more attractive to speculators. Lastly, among the set of stocks with higher stock specific skewness and prices be low one pound, my PhD research will focus on stocks with higher idiosyncratic volatility.It is because stocks with higher idiosyncratic volatility are more likely to be considered as lottery type of stocks, because speculators might believe that when volatility is high, there is larger probability to realize the extreme returns that occurred in the past (Kumar, 2009). The methodology will be similar to Kothari and Warner (2006), in which the return of any given security at any given time can be obtained by adding the expected return based on expected return models, like Fama-French three factors model, to the abnormal return. The abnormal return of a given time eriod can be obtained by averaging all the abnormal returns of the given period. Given the test statistics provided by Kothari and Warner (2006), the paper will test the null hypothesis, comparing the returns of lottery type of stocks and index returns. If the test statistics are significantly lower, then the evidence may sug gest that the returns of lottery type of stocks underperform index returns, or vice versa. Criticisms to Positivism Some of the criticisms to the positivism is that the ontological position of positivist vis-a-vis reality that social reality exists in an independent way to the researcher (Schutz 1954).It is not helpful for the exploratory research, because the research attempts to understand meaning of the speculating process and varying perception of speculators. Berg (2004) claimed that people, events, objects and situation do possess meaning themselves; these elements confer meaning due to human interaction. Furthermore, it is inappropriate to ask the positivistic position on the epistemological question of â€Å"In what way one can obtain knowledge from a particular reality? † due to the postulation that investigating in such a reality provides no change to that reality.Moreover, one of the main criticisms of the positivism paradigm, according to Hussey and Hussey (1997), is that it is impossible to consider to people as being separate from the social contexts and they cannot be understood without apprehending their views of their own activities. A rigorously structured research design will impose some constraints on the results, and it might ignore more relevant findings, because researchers might carry their own value and interest to the research. The researchers cannot be objective because they are also part of what they are trying to observe.Lastly, statistical variables could be misleading as it is trying to capture complex phenomena. Reasons for Selecting the Positivist Paradigm Positivism is chosen to fit my PhD project, because according to Phan (2006), first of all, ontologically, stock markets is a financial world in which investment decisions can be considered as an external world, objectively adjusting itself, and individual perceptions or desires cannot have any influence. Secondly, quantifiable results are mainly the concerns in the wo rld of financial markets; it is impossible to make any alteration to the reality or to make any different perception.Thirdly, epistemologically, the researchers should be independent of their research projects, in other words, they should be free of bias and personal value, and should have no influence on the collection of data or the results of researches. Moreover, one of the main objectives of the PhD projects is to test hypothesis regarding to the returns of indexes and returns of lottery type of stocks, not to construct new theory or to implement any reform. Lastly, objectivity is important in the financial world in order to provide explanation to phenomena and causal relationships.To summarise, the PhD projects will be mainly focus on making measurements in a statistical and systematic way in order to provide validity, generalization, reliability for the measurements, as well as its predictive cause and effect (Casell and Symon 2004). Summary To sum up, my PhD research will be mainly focus on the speculative behaviours of the stock traders, such as fund managers and retail speculators on lottery type of stocks. The paper will be carry out using quantitative method and positivism fits very well in my research, as positivism is a methods that define positive knowledge which can be verified by empirical sciences.There are some criticisms about the ontological and epistemological assumption of positivism, nevertheless, the benefits of applying positivism exceeds it costs as my PhD research will mainly focus on making measurements in a statistical and systematic way to predict the cause and effect of different research topics, as well as their validity, generalization and reliability of the measurements. Reference: Berg, B. L. (2004) Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. 5th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc. Boston.Casell, C and Symon, G (2004), Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organisational Research, Sage Publications Ltd, London, UK Creswell, J (2003), Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach, 2nd Edition, Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA. Guba, E and Lincoln, Y (1994), Competing paradigms in qualitative research, Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Hussey, J. and Hussey, R. (1997) â€Å"Business Research† Macmillan Press Ltd, Basingstoke Kumar, A. (2009) â€Å"Who Gambles in the Stock Market†, The Journal of Finance, Vol 64, No 4, 1889-1993Little, D. (2005) â€Å"Western Philosophy of Social Science† Peking University Lohpetch, D. andCorne, D. (2010) Outperforming Buy-and-Hold with Evolved Technical Trading Rules: Daily, Weekly and Monthly Trading, EvoApplications 2010, Springer LNCS Phan, A 2006, â€Å"Hedge funds and China’s stock market: a study on factors influencing investment decisions by fund managers†, DBA thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW. Peers, M. (2003) â€Å"A Guide To: Gambling, Investment, and Speculati on† Available at: www. math. byu. edu, Accessed on January 15, 2012Perry, C, Riege, A & Brown, L 1999, â€Å"Realism's role among scientific paradigms inmarketing research†, Irish Marketing Review, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 16-23. Phillips, DC and Burbules, NC (2000), Postpositivism and educational research, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. Rosenberg, A. (1988) â€Å"Why a Philosophy of Social Science? † In Philosophy of Social Science. Boulder, CO:Westview Press 1-21. Schutz, A (1954), Concept and Theory Formation in the Social Sciences, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 51, No. 9, 257-273 Ticehurst, GW and Veal, AJ (2000), Business Research Methods: A Managerial Approach, Pearson Education: NSW Australia

Egypt-Israeli Conflict And The West Essays - ArabIsraeli Conflict

Egypt-Israeli Conflict And The West Essays - ArabIsraeli Conflict Egypt-Israeli Conflict and the West The History of the conflict in the Middle East is long and well documented. To both, and to many biased observers the history of the Egyptian/Israeli conflict is very one sided, with one government, or one people causing the continued wars between the two neighboring states. But, as any social scientist of any reputation will state, all international conflicts have more than one side, and usually are the result of events surrounding, and extending over the parties involved. Thus, using this theory as a basis, we must assume that the conflict between Israel and Egypt is more complicated than a partial observer would see it. For the purpose of this paper, we are going to examine the basic factors of Egypt's Involvement and conflict with Israel, with some emphasis on the involvement of the United State, and the Western Nation in this conflict. Also, I wish to pay particular attention to the question of who, or what brought these countries into conflict. Were they both victims of their situation, or did they become actively involved in promoting conflict, or perhaps a third party source, such as the US pushed them into conflict? In 1948, the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel was read by David Ben-Gurion in Tel Aviv. The Egyptians, like most of the Arab states saw this as a creation of a Western State, backed by the British Empire, and thus an imperialistic entity in the Arab homeland. Considering the past 20 years of the Egyptian state, and of most of the Arab nations, was a continual conflict again imperial powers, the Egyptian were naturally weary and afraid of any new imperialistic powers developing in the Middle East. In September 1947, the League of Arab States decided to resist by force the plan for the partition of Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish State, and when the Jewish state was created, the armies of the various Arab states entered into Palestine to save the country for the Arabs again "Zionist" aggression. The Arabs were defeated and the Arab Countries saved a small amount of land, the Transjordon, and the West Bank. Similarly Egypt saved strip of territory around Gaza. The causes of this war, and Egypt's involved can be examined in several ways. Obviously, the creation of the State of Israel by Ben-Gurion and his supporters provided a excuse for the Arab Nations, and Egypt to attack the Jewish population in Israel. As mentioned, the Egyptians saw the formation of Israel as an Imperialist state, and they were defending the land for the Palestinians, and more importantly for the newly developing arab unity. While the United States was not actively involved in the war, either by providing arms or providing much assiezce, their actions did create an interesting and volatile atmosphere. As soon as the state of Israel was created, the United State quickly recognized the state and started diplomatic relations with the newly formed government. At the same time, the USSR recognized Israel, not wishing the US to be seen as the champion for the newly found state. Although there is no definitive proof, one can assume that Egypt, and the rest of the Arab nations felt the need to quickly react to the situation, in almost a type of fear that powers outside their Arab influence, such as the United States were quickly impeding on their territory, by using Israel as a means of their peaceful aggression. Still, Egypt was clearly the main aggressor in this inezce, and was not defending their own territory, but instead attempting to obtain territory, which they did succeed in acquiring, through the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian actions quickly set the tone of conflict in the Middle East, giving the Israelis no option but the take an initial purely military response in defense of their newly formed state. In the minds of the Israeli leaders, Egypt was nothing but a threat to the existence of the Jewish state, and thus, perhaps rightly, should only be dealt with as an enemy. From the outcome of this poorly prepared war emerged Gamal Abdul Nasser, who commanded an Egyptian Army in Palestine. He organized a clandestine group inside the army called the

Integrity essays

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David Fletcher Case Essay Example for Free

David Fletcher Case Essay Jenkins, Fletcher Partners (JFP) has the potential to thrive and succeed in the financial service industry with stimulated, productive, and satisfied employees. However, there are small and large issues to be addressed in order to carry that in action. In this specific case analysis, we analyze the issues hindering JFP from further development, and suggest respective and appropriate suggestions to resolve those problems. First, a thorough evaluation of JFP shed light on a number of issues: The inconsistency with JFP’s differentiated and key organizational structure: wide, flat, informal structure for quick decisions. Struggles for autonomy within the company and the pending decision to hire a new research analyst. Anti-cohesiveness and lack of appropriate human resource management. Low team productivity and insufficient and inaccurate incentives within the work teams Although these issues present obstacles for further growth and potential of the firm, JFP is able to resolve these issues and consequently differentiate itself from its competitors in the industry with the following suggested resolutions: Further emphasize the informal and quick information sharing in between all the employees. Convince Stephanie to remain with the firm with a larger responsibility to enhance the structure under the assumption that her requirements are met. Hire Robinson based on her qualifications and acceptance by current JFP employees, and develop further evaluation of Fiske’s. Maintain a balance of young and senior analysts to achieve a productive and conducive learning environment. Implement regular and functional meetings at which every employee has an input. Develop performance management instead of performance reviews. Maintain the organizational restructures through work team productivity and implementation of appropriate incentivizing system. With these critical resolutions, JFP will become the unique, successful, and differentiated financial service firm that the founders originally dreamed of. One of the points of differentiation that JFP has from other financial service firms on Wall Street is its unique structure of small, flat, and wide for effective and efficient communication and decision making process. But Fletcher made a mistake to contradict that very principle of JFP. By not communicating with Stephanie and other salient members of the firm with regard to hiring process of Doyle, David Fletcher put more workload on himself, slowed the  decision making process, and disregarded other employees’ opinions and thoughts on Doyle, and practically created the silo effect. Fletcher explains, â€Å"I figured that Stephanie would do the health care and environmental stocks as well as the retail stocks while Brian would focus on his specialty, high-tech†, as he reveals his own â€Å"thought process† without the actual confirmation from Stephanie. Furthermore, Fletcher admits, â€Å"hiring Brian wasn’t coming from her pocket, it was coming from mine†, and demonstrates the contradiction to shared ideas and smooth flow of information he so desperately pursued himself. The employees at JFP are meant to communicate and share information with each other fluidly without any excluded members. However, Fletcher contradicted the ideal environment he desired to create by not communicating with Stephanie throughout the hiring process of Brian Doyle and thus deteriorated the structure he wanted. Although a desire for autonomy and greater success are contributing factors in Stephanie wanting to leave the firm, this significant incident has l ed to her feeling alienated and secluded from Fletcher and the work they used to do together. Another issue that Fletcher faces, looking forward, is whether or not to hire Fiske and/or Robinson. As previously mentioned, Fletcher makes the hiring process ineffective and inconsistent. When hiring Kindred, Fletcher learned from the conflict that had already risen between Doyle and Whitney, and makes sure to receive feedback from Whitney and other employees before moving forward with Kindred. Fletcher also maintains an incredibly packed schedule and the hiring process is overly crucial and overwhelming for him to do by himself. Moreover, because of his overwhelming schedule, Fletcher cannot possibly to train all the new hires on how evaluate stocks and consider the investment strategy. On a greater scale, throughout JFP there is an extreme lack of group cohesiveness and issues with conflict management. Members of the company compete to achieve the identical goal to become portfolio managers. Members of JFP have a power struggle to achieve their own individual goals; consequently, pay compensation directly associates with individual accomplishments. The very structure of Wall Street that Lodge dislikes includes silos with high departmentalization, and members with their own agendas. JFP requires a group cohesion for an effective decision making, yet the firm rewards for self-fulfilling achievements. Therefore, presented is a â€Å"Rewarding A while hoping for B†Ã‚  issue. Also, a clear relationship conflict versus task conflict is evident. There are personal and social disagreements that hinder employees to expend effort and resource on discussing vital company tasks and objectives. There are also many interpersonal and organizational conflicts that arise through peripheral transactions within JFP. One simple example includes Stephanie’s concern about where her desk is located. And yet, there are no company procedures to address and resolve these conflicts in a systematic way. Another example is lack of employees’ input about new hires. Unrest and social disturbances are within an organization present obstacles for employees to work efficiently and to be creative which affects their performance and in turn JFP’s success. The final issue to be address is JFP’s lack of effectiveness in work teams and motivation on both the individual and group le vels. More attention can increase productivity and motivation according to the Hawthorne Effect. Fletcher’s decreased attention toward Stephanie, demonstrated in Doyle’s hiring process, reduces her motivation and attachment to the firm and develops negative feelings about Doyle. Because Doyle and Stephanie have relationship conflicts, they cannot properly address task, including feedbacks for investment choices, which leads to decreased productivity and creativity within the firm. When Stephanie finds personal fulfillment and interest in her work, intrinsic motivation, Doyle’s hiring process situation diminishes it significantly. Because she is less secure and satisfied, Whitney is less motivated, which falls in line with Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory: hygiene factors, including security and working conditions, â€Å"operate primarily as de-motivators if they are insufficient† (175). Stephanie also has extrinsic motivation—Fletcher’s attention, praise, and guidance—which increases her intrinsic motivation as well as job satisfaction and a sense of purpose at JFP. Whitney’s lower job satisfaction results in a poor job performance and her attachment to JFP. In order to better achieve the wide, flat structu re for efficient and effective decision making, Fletcher should attempt to keep Stephanie Whitney with the firm because she has already gained expertise within the industry, and training and molding another new employee in place of Whitney bears immense opportunity cost for the culture and productivity of the firm. Additionally, Whitney has consistently performed at a high level, and the success she’s attained transitioning from  an administrative assistant to a portfolio manager can be leveraged as an effective tool to inspire others to work. Since Whitney has expressed a desire to leave, Fletcher needs to intrinsically and extrinsically motivate her to. In order to keep Stephanie motivated at JFP, Fletcher should have Stephanie with a team of her to delve into an industry that she is curious and enthusiastic about, so long as that industry has an investment potential for the firm. Since monetary incentives can be sufficiently satisfied with firms other than JFP, Stephanie needs to have the extrinsic motivator of autonomy. This reward for staying would be unprecedented in a firm where most decisions come down to David, and would be an indication that she is incredibly valued and essential to the organization. Permitting Stephanie to recruit her own team will also serve to widen the st ructure of the firm and delegate more tasks. Fletcher also needs to highlight the tie that they have shared in the past, apologize for not being transparent with her completely, and express respect towards her career development. Despite the possibility that Whitney will decide to pursue other opportunities, Fletcher needs to convince her to stay because of her credibility and the value lost from the firm’s perspective. There is an argument to be made that Whitney was at the root of personal issues in the past, but Whitney’s conflict was task-oriented, not personal. Her disagreement with many of Doyle’s investment strategies causes problems when Fletcher failed to address her concerns. In the end, Whitney ends up being right about Doyle, and it is not to be understated that she gets along very well with everyone else in the organization. Building a strong culture is a key for JFP in hiring new employees. Whitney, who already gets along with Robinson, can help to develop the environment in which portfolio managers work creatively and get along on a personal level as well. By treating Whitney as more of a thought partner than protege, Fletcher should keep Whitney for the benefit of JFP. As Kindred’s case reflect, new hires are more effective in their roles in hiring them. Therefore, the hiring process should be structured in a way that all existing employees get to meet the candidate before the decision is made. Organization’s small scale will allow such procedure that will result in more effective hiring process. More attention should also be paid to the current employees, not only to ensure new employees’ transition, but also to deal with the hiring process more  effectively. Whitney’s insistence upon leaving can be circumvented entirely had Fletcher heeded her concerns and addressed the issue earlier. JFP should also aim to balance between experienced and new hires, and encourage the experienced portfolio managers to act as mentors. Fletcher cannot possibly serve as a mentor for everyone; but forging mentor/mentee roles amongst the portfolio managers will lead to more cohesiveness in the organization, experienced employees leading by example and contribute to the flat structure of the organization with reduced risk of employees’ uneasiness. Fletcher has already taken a step in the right direction by seeking the approval of other employees for hiring Robinson, but needs to continue with evaluating Fiske. Moreover, JFP should feel confident about hiring Robinson because the other employees think highly of her and Robinson offers a unique background and valuable expertise. Despite Fiske’s experience, his ability to collaborate with his colleagues is the critical point to evaluate in the hiring decision. And thus Fletcher must turn to the rest of JFP for advice. In terms of cohesiveness and people management, JFP should implement work teams to emphasize the outcome is greater than the sum of individual ’s effort. Also, work groups can be particularly utilized in the new research analyst candidates’ environment because their primary task is to share information. Cohesiveness can be developed by rewarding employees as groups, increasing the time that employees spend with each other, stimulating competition amongst groups, benchmarking JFP’s performance to that of a competitor firm, and by increasing the exclusivity. Furthermore, JFP requires regular meetings at which everyone is involved and present to facilitate increasing the time employees spend together and resolving conflicts within the organization. Group successes and failures can be discussed and evaluated. In order to successfully restructure JRP, performance management is essential because it is another method for conflict resolution. Performance management will also bring a continuous flow of feedback so the employee can adjust his or her performance. An increase in employee satisfaction within the workplace will follow. Additionally, the Hawthorn Study states that non-financial incentives are more effective than financial incentives; also, attention from leaders has been pr oven to be 63% effective, praise from managers 67% effective, opportunities to lead projects 62% effective. â€Å"†¦(P)eople will  feel competent if they obtain feedback that indicates progress in their work or suggests ways that can increase their competence†. (176) The delegation of autonomy within JFP can also be addressed because autonomy is easily assessed and provided to employees if management constantly evaluates employee’s performance. Lastly, Fletcher needs to address work team productivity and motivation within JFP. As an example, Stephanie demonstrates enjoyment and a sense of fulfillment in her job, and Fletcher needs to develop these motivations further. He also needs to ensure a good team dynamic. Intrinsic motivation is conducive to creativity and result in more unique, productive and creative analysts. According to â€Å"scientific management†, extrinsic motivation is strictly positive; however managers often create undesired behaviors in their employees by utilizing this incorrect statement. (181) Therefore, Fletcher has to give critical feedback and attention to his analysts to provide them with some continuing extrinsic motivation. In addition, Fletcher should foster an environment in which analysts develop enjoyment and attachment, that will contribute to intrinsic motivation as well. Hackman and Oldham’s model of job enrichment (1976) suggests different ways to increase employee motivation. For example, task identity, task significance, and feedback are a number of them. Developing task identity means to increase an analyst’s sense of meaningfulness in one’s work and growing task significance means to increase the sense of importance of their work. Additionally, ongoing feedback will also contribute positively to the analysts’ motivation. Fletcher should focus on these methods, as well as an appealing work environment and good group dynamic, to increase his analysts’ motivation. With these constructive resolutions—further consolidating the unique organizational structure, effectively recruiting new employees, critically addressing conflicts and cohesiveness within the group, and appropriately maintaining the balance of motivation—JFP is assured to thrive as a differentiated, outperforming, and attractive financial service firm.